The urinary system helps maintain the volume and chemical composition of fluids in the body. One of the main organs in the system are the kidneys, which filter waste products out of the body through ...

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is rare, accounting for 2% to 5% of bladder cancers in the U.S., and is linked to chronic bladder irritation. Diagnosis involves cystoscopy, biopsy, and imaging ...